Richard is known as Richard Cœur de Lion ( Norman French: Le quor de lion) or Richard the Lionheart because of his reputation as a great military leader and warrior. He was the third of five sons of King Henry II of England and Eleanor of Aquitaine and seemed unlikely to become king, but all his brothers except the youngest, John, predeceased their father. He also ruled as Duke of Normandy, Aquitaine and Gascony, Lord of Cyprus, and Count of Poitiers, Anjou, Maine, and Nantes, and was overlord of Brittany at various times during the same period. Richard I (8 September 1157 – 6 April 1199) was King of England from 1189 until his death in 1199.
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